Expression profile of CHD-related genes
CHD-related genes have higher expression levels compared with background genes, especially during fetal development. Expression levels of syndromic genes are higher than those of nonsyndromic genes in the brain (A). However, in the heart, nonsyndromic genes are expressed at significantly higher levels than syndromic genes (B). Furthermore, CHD-related genes tend to broadly-expressed across tissues (C) and developmental stages (D) compared with the background, according to tissue- and time-specificity indexes as defined by Cardoso-Moreira et al. A non-CHD gene set (n = 1124) was randomly selected as the background (gray). TPM, transcripts per million; PCW, post conception week.
Functional enrichment of CHD-related genes
(A) The top 15 significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms (biological process) for CHD-related genes. (B) The top 15 significantly enriched KEGG and Reactome pathways for CHD-related genes. The adjusted P values corrected with Bonferroni step down were -log (base 10) transformed to denote the significance levels. GFR, growth factor receptor.